The Adjective

একাদশ- দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি - English English Grammar & Composition | - | NCTB BOOK
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The Adjective


Adjective: যে শব্দ Noun বা Pronoun-এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, সংখ্যা, পরিমাণ ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ করে তাকে Adjective বলে ।

Adjective-এর প্রকারভেদ

1. Adjective of Quality : এই প্রকার adjective কোনো noun বা pronoun-এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থান প্রকাশ করে । যেমন- good, beautiful, strong, weak, ugly, bad ইত্যাদি ।


2.Adjective of Quantity : এই প্রকারের adjective কোনো কিছুর পরিমাপ নির্দেশ করে। যেমন— much, little, whole, some enough, sufficient, all ইত্যাদি। " 

3.Numeral Adjective:  এ adjective noun বা pronoun এর সংখ্যা নির্দেশ করে।যেমন- one, two, four, second, third, single, double 

Numeral Adjective তিন প্রকার :

i. Cardinal Numeral Adjective: One, two, three, four.

ii. Ordinal Numeral Adjective: First, second, third.

iii. Multiplicative Numeral Adjective: Single, double, triple, fourfold, fivefold.

4. Indefinite Numeral Adjective: All, some, many, enough, several, few adjective যখন noun-এর নির্দিষ্ট কোনো সংখ্যা প্রকাশ করে না তখন তাদেরকে Indefinite Numeral Adjective বলে।

For example: He is a man of few words.

5.Pronominal Adjective: Pronoun যখন Noun এর পূর্বে বসে Adjective এর কাজ করে তাহলে সে Pronoun কে Pronominal Adjective বলে।
যেমন: This is his pen.

Pronominal Adjective এর প্রকারভেদ:  : 

(i)Demonstrative Adjective: Demonstrative Adjective বস্তুকে বিশেষভাবে নির্দেশ করে। যেমন— this, that, these, those, such ইত্যাদি।
She was one of those people who are forever worried about money.

(ii)Distributive Adjective: Distributive pronoun adjective তাদেরকে distributive adjective বলে। যেমন— each, every, either, neither ইত্যাদি। Every man is potential. 

6.Interrogative Adjective: Interrogative pronoun গুলো যখন Adjective রুপে কাজ করে তখন তাকে interrogative adjective বলে। যেমন— What, which, whose ইত্যাদি।
I play violin which musical instrument do you play?

7.Possessive Adjective: Possessive pronoun যখন noun এর পূর্বে বসে adjective-এর কাজ করে তখন তাকে possessive adjective বলে। যেমন— his, my, our, their, its, one's.
One should keep one's  promises.

8.Relative Adjective: Relative pronoun  যখন noun এর পূর্বে বসে  adjective- করে তাহলে তাকে relative adjective বলে। যেমন— Whose, which, what ইত্যাদি ।
Salma could not tell whose books were left on the table.

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Descriptive Adjectives

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Distributive Adjective: Distributive pronoun adjective তাদেরকে distributive adjective বলে। যেমন— each, every, either, neither ইত্যাদি।

For example: Every man is potential. 

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Quantitative Adjectives

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Adjective of Quantity : এই প্রকারের adjective কোনো কিছুর পরিমাপ নির্দেশ করে। যেমন— much, little, whole, some enough, sufficient, all ইত্যাদি। " 

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Proper Adjectives

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Proper Adjective: যে সকল Adjective বা নাম বিশেষণ Proper Noun হতে সৃষ্ট তাদের Proper Adjective বলে। অন্যান্য Adjective এর মতো এই ধরনের Adjective ও Noun কে Modify করে। তবে  যে বিষয়টি অন্যান্য Adjective হতে একে আলাদা করে তা হলো এটি Proper Noun হতে হতে সৃষ্ট তাই এটির প্রথম অক্ষর অবশ্যই Capital Letter  এ হবে। অধিকাংশ Proper Adjective ই কোন না দেশের, কোন ধর্মের বা অথবা ব্যক্তির Proper Name হতে সৃষ্ট। 

যেমনঃ 

                He is an American boy.

                He is a Buddhist man.

 

             The African drums sounded loud in the concert hall.

              I am really craving some Mexican food.

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Demonstrative Adjectives

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Demonstrative Adjective: Demonstrative Adjective বস্তুকে বিশেষভাবে নির্দেশ করে। যেমন— this, that, these, those, such ইত্যাদি।
For example: She was one of those people who are forever worried about money.

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Possessive Adjectives

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Possessive Adjective: Possessive pronoun যখন noun এর পূর্বে বসে adjective-এর কাজ করে তখন তাকে possessive adjective বলে। যেমন— his, my, our, their, its, one's.

For example: One should keep one's  promises.
 

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# বহুনির্বাচনী প্রশ্ন

Charles friend's loves Burns poem
Charles friends loves Burns poem
Charles friend love's Burn's poem
Charles's friend loves Burn's poem

Interrogative Adjectives

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Interrogative Adjective: Interrogative pronoun গুলো যখন Adjective রুপে কাজ করে তখন তাকে interrogative adjective বলে।যেমন— What, which, whose ইত্যাদি।
I play violin which musical instrument do you play?

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Indefinite Adjectives

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Indefinite Numeral Adjective: All, some, many, enough, several, few adjective যখন noun-এর নির্দিষ্ট কোনো সংখ্যা প্রকাশ করে না তখন তাদেরকে Indefinite Numeral Adjective বলে।

For example: He is a man of few words.

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Articles

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Use of Articles

>Articles মুলত Noun, Pronoun এর আগে বসে তাদের সংখ্যা এবং নির্দিষ্টতা, অনির্দিষ্টতা জ্ঞাপন করে। এদের এই আচরণের জন্য এদের Determiner বা Adjective বলাটাও যৌক্তিক।

>Articles কে প্রধানত দুই ভাগে ভাগ করে যায়।

Indefinite Articles: A, An-এরা  Indefinite Article. (এরা নির্দিষ্টভাবে কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা কোনো বিষয়কে নির্দেশ করে না)

Definite Articles: The হল Definite Article (এটি কোনো বিশেষ ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা বিষয়কে নির্দিষ্টভাবে বোঝাতে বা চিহ্নিত করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে)

Case

Article

Example

Consonant sound দিয়ে হওয়া words ক্ষেত্রে তাদের আগে অনির্দিষ্টতা জ্ঞাপন  aA sample, A basketball.
Vowel sound দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া words এর ক্ষেত্রে তাদের আগে অনির্দিষ্টতা জ্ঞাপনেanAn heir, An honest man.
কোনো general  statement দিতে অথবা প্রথম বারের মতো subject কে বাক্যে mention করতে an A car is mandatory.
কারো স্বভাব,চরিত্র বা বৈশিষ্ট্য (Nature, feature) বোঝাতে।anThis is a nice collection of perfumes.
কারো কাজ বা পেশা বোঝাতেanNeha is a dentist.
সাধারণত কোনো noun এর বৈশিষ্ট্য বর্ণনা করতে singular common noun এর আগেanA novelist can write his words in a detailed descriptive way.
প্রথমবার ব্যবহৃত Singular countable noun এর ক্ষেত্রে অথবা অসংখ্যর মাঝে অনির্দিষ্টভাবে কোনো একটিকে নির্দেশ করতেa/anA bicycle is helpful to maintain good health.
অপরিচিত বা সম্মানিত ব্যক্তি বোঝাতে Mrs/ Mr/Miss বা কোনো noun এর আগেa/anA Mr. Shahib has come to meet the chairman.
ঐ রকম একজন বা কারো মতো একজন অর্থ প্রকাশ করতেa/anHe is a Lalon I see.
Disguised preposition হিসেবে,অর্থাৎ বাক্যে preposition এর কাজ করতেa/anI go a walking every morning.
কিছু কিছু Phrase ( In a hurry ,In a body,In a fix,In a temper,To take an interest) এর ক্ষেত্রেa/anTell about the event in a nutshell.
যখন তুলনা না বুঝিয়ে superlative 'most' কোনো বিশেষ অবস্থা বা গুনের খুব বেশি পরিমান বোঝায় (very অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়) সে ক্ষেত্রেa/anI saw a most (very) enjoying movie.
few, little, lot of, good deal, good many, great many ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রেaA few crops grow on this filed.

 

>>>মনে রাখবেন…

এই Word গুলোর আগে article ব্যবহার করতে গিয়ে আমরা প্রায়ই  হয়ে পড়ি। কিন্তু এদের উচ্চারণের বিষয়টি মাথায়  রাখলেই বিষয়টি আমাদের জন্যে অত্যন্ত সহজ হয়ে যায়।

এই word গুলোর উচ্চারণে সবসময়ই প্রথম consonant sound (হ, ইউ, য)  আসে এবং এগুলোর পূর্বে Indefinite article- (a) ব্যবহৃত হয়।

European, Universal, Eucalyptus, Uniform, Eulogy, Union, Euphemism, Hall, University, Heavy, House, Home.

 

>>>এই word উচ্চারণে সবসময়ই প্রথম Vowel sound (অ্যা আ) আসে এবং এগুলোর পূর্বে Indefinite article (an)  ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Hour, Heir, Herbal, Understanding, Honor, Uncle, Umbrella, Unnatural

 

Definite Article এর ব্যবহার

Case

Example

নির্দিষ্টভাবে কোনো জায়গা/বস্তু/বিষয়কে বোঝাতে Have you ever visited the Haors of Netrakona?
একই বোঝাতে (Similar, Same) শব্দগুলোর পূর্বেI want the same helmet.
প্রথমবার কোন Noun উল্লেখ করলে তার পূর্বেThe resort has a beautiful garden. Let's go to the garden.
সমগ্র জাতি বোঝাতে Singular Common Noun এর পূর্বেThe cat is a very gentle animal.
প্রকৃতিতে যা একটিমাত্র আছে তার পূর্বেThe world. The universe, The earth, The Sun,The Moon, The Sky

সিনেমা হল, টেলিভিশন সেট, থিয়েটার, রেডিও এর

[কিন্তু টেলিভিশন এর মাধ্যমে বোঝাতে the বসে না। I saw

the news on television.]

 I was at the Sony Cinema yesterday.
দিকের নাম (East, West, North, South) বোঝাতে Go to the North.
ভাষার নাম/জাতীয়তাবাচক শব্দ দ্বারা সে জাতির সকল লোকজনকে বোঝাতেThe English are a great nation.
Adjective বিশেষ গুনবিশিষ্ট  শ্রেণীর সকলকে একত্রে নির্দেশ করলেThe poor are not responsible for their miserable life.
Common Noun যখন Abstract Idea বা কারো দোষ ,গুনের নাম বোঝায়The mother rose in Shahida.
বাদ্যযন্ত্র বাজানো বোঝাতে TheI can play the flute.
কিন্তু বাদ্যযন্ত্র থাকা বোঝাতে a/anI have a flute.
বিশেষ কিছু রোগ যেমনঃ The gout (গেঁটেবাত), the measles (হাম), the rums (কর্ণাস্থির প্রদাহপূর্ণ ছোঁয়াচে রোগবিশেষ) এর পূর্বে• সাধারণত রোগের নামের পূর্বে the বসে না।I don't what the effects of the measles are.

 

 

Conventional and Unconventional Uses of "The

Use 'The                      

   Don't Use The"

Oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, plural lakes  

the Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian  

Singular Lake

Lake Geneva, Lake Baikal, Lake Eric

Mountains

the Rocky Mountains, the Andes

Mounts

Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley

Earth, Moon 

the earth, the moon

Planet, Constellations

Venus, Mars, Earth Orion 

schools, colleges, universities when the phrase begins with school 

the University of Dhaka, the College of  Livestock and Animal Sciences. 

Schools, Colleges, Universities when the Phrase begins with a proper noun

Jahangirnagar University, Santa Fe Community College, Cooper's Art School.

Ordinal numbers before nouns

the First World War, the Third chapter

Cardinal Numbers after Nouns 

World War One, Chapter three

Plural word country names (Except Great Britain)

The United States of America.

The United Kingdom.

The Central African Republic

Countries Preceded by 'New' or Adjectives as direction (East, West, North, South)

New Zealand, South Africa, North Korea

Countries with Only One Word

Bangladesh, India, Sweden, Venezuela

Continents

Europe, Africa, South America

States

Florida, Ohio, California

Historical documents

the Constitution, the Magna Carta

 Historical Speech

The Gettysburg Address. The 7th March Address

Ethnic Group

the Indians, the Garos, the Marmas

Wars

the Crimean War, the Korean War

Sports

Baseball, Cricket

Abstract Nouns

 Freedom, Happiness, Kindness

General Areas of Subject-matter

Mathematics, Sociology

Holidays

Christmas, Thanksgiving, Ramadan.

 

   

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Compound Adjectives

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Compound Adjective: যে Adjective একাধিক word নিয়ে গঠিত, তাকে Compound Adjective বলে। 

Example: We share a seven-year-long friendship.

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Distributive Adjectives

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Distributive Adjective: Distributive pronoun গুলো যখন adjective রুপে কাজ করে তাদেরকে distributive adjective বলে। যেমন— each, every, either, neither ইত্যাদি।

For example: Every man is potential. 

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টপ রেটেড অ্যাপ

স্যাট অ্যাকাডেমী অ্যাপ

আমাদের অল-ইন-ওয়ান মোবাইল অ্যাপের মাধ্যমে সীমাহীন শেখার সুযোগ উপভোগ করুন।

ভিডিও
লাইভ ক্লাস
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Promotion
Request history8.2.28PHP Version101msRequest Duration11MBMemory UsageGET admission/{slug}Route
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:91
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:32
      • SubjectService.php#43satt_satt_mobile_app420μsupdate `subjects` set `view_count` = `view_count` + 1, `subjects`.`updated_at` = '2025-04-09 07:31:27' where `id` = 15000
        Bindings
        • 0: 2025-04-09 07:31:27
        • 1: 15000
        Backtrace
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:43
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
      • QueryBuilder.php#38satt_satt_mobile_app130μsselect `_lft`, `_rgt` from `subjects` where `id` = 15000 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 15000
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:38
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:60
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:235
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:227
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app340μsselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `show_content`, `num_of_mcq`, `num_of_written`, `des_added_by`, `des_updated_by`, `author_name`, `link_subject_id`, `sub_category_id`, `main_category_id`, `slug`, `meta_og_title`, `meta_keyword`, `meta_description`, `vote`, `view_count`, `icon`, `page_type`, `chapter_name` from `subjects` where (`subjects`.`_lft` between 13948 and 13969) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 13948
        • 1: 13969
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app240μsselect `id`, `description`, `short_description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (15000, 15066, 15067, 15068, 15069, 15070, 15071, 15072, 15073, 15074, 15075) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app160μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `sub_categories` where `sub_categories`.`id` in (4878) and `sub_categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app240μsselect `id`, `user_id`, `completeable_type`, `completeable_id`, `complete_progress`, `is_complete` from `completes` where `completes`.`completeable_id` in (15000, 15066, 15067, 15068, 15069, 15070, 15071, 15072, 15073, 15074, 15075) and `completes`.`completeable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Subject'
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Subject
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app200μsselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `show_content`, `des_added_by`, `des_updated_by`, `author_name`, `link_subject_id` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (548, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app210μsselect `id`, `description`, `short_description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (548, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (30549) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (30549, 54499) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app2.35msselect * from (select `questions`.`id`, `questions`.`subject_id`, `questions`.`category_id`, `questions`.`sub_category_id`, `questions`.`board_exam_id`, `questions`.`passage_id`, `questions`.`question_type`, `questions`.`question`, `questions`.`is_duplicate`, `questions`.`status`, `questions`.`image`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, row_number() over (partition by `subjectables`.`subject_id` order by `questions`.`created_at` desc) as `laravel_row` from `questions` inner join `subjectables` on `questions`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` where `subjectables`.`subject_id` in (15000, 15066, 15067, 15068, 15069, 15070, 15071, 15072, 15073, 15074, 15075) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `questions`.`status` = 'active' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null) as `laravel_table` where `laravel_row` <= 5 order by `laravel_row`
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        • 1: active
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app320μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `option_1`, `option_2`, `option_3`, `option_4`, `option_5`, `image_option`, `image_question`, `answer` from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (88965, 249264, 252074, 253100, 253302, 253312, 253324, 254091, 255965, 258195, 259129) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (73) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app400μsselect `subjects`.`id`, `subjects`.`name`, `subjects`.`slug`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, `subjectables`.`created_user_id` as `pivot_created_user_id`, `subjectables`.`deleted_at` as `pivot_deleted_at`, `subjectables`.`status` as `pivot_status`, `subjectables`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `subjectables`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `subjects` inner join `subjectables` on `subjects`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subject_id` where `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` in (88965, 249264, 252074, 253100, 253302, 253312, 253324, 254091, 255965, 258195, 259129) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `id`, `title`, `passage` from `passages` where `passages`.`id` in (0) and `passages`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • SubjectRepository.php#122satt_satt_mobile_app200μsselect * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 15000 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 15000
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:121
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
      • SubjectRepository.php#125satt_satt_mobile_app9.65msselect `id`, `name`, `slug`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt` from `subjects` where (13969 between `subjects`.`_lft` and `subjects`.`_rgt` and `subjects`.`id` <> 15000) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null order by `_lft` asc
        Bindings
        • 0: 13969
        • 1: 15000
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:125
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:121
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
      • SubjectRepository.php#137satt_satt_mobile_app180μsselect * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 15000 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 15000
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:137
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • SubjectRepository.php#140satt_satt_mobile_app120μsselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `slug`, `meta_og_title`, `meta_keyword`, `meta_description` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 14971 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 14971
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:140
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • SubjectRepository.php#140satt_satt_mobile_app100μsselect `id`, `description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (14971) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:140
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • QueryBuilder.php#38satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `_lft`, `_rgt` from `subjects` where `id` = 73 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 73
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:38
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:60
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:235
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:227
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app1.17msselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `name`, `slug`, `icon`, `banner` from `subjects` where (`subjects`.`_lft` between 12975 and 14312) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 12975
        • 1: 14312
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:293
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • SubjectRepository.php#325satt_satt_mobile_app200μsselect * from `mediables` where `mediable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Subject' and `mediable_id` in (15000, 15066, 15067, 15068, 15069, 15070, 15071, 15072, 15073, 15074, 15075)
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Subject
        • 1: 15000
        • 2: 15066
        • 3: 15067
        • 4: 15068
        • 5: 15069
        • 6: 15070
        • 7: 15071
        • 8: 15072
        • 9: 15073
        • 10: 15074
        • 11: 15075
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:325
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:76
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectRepository.php#340satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `videos`.`video_src_url`, `mediables`.`mediable_id` as `chapter_id` from `videos` inner join `mediables` on `mediables`.`mediable_id` = `videos`.`id` where `videos`.`id` = 0 and `videos`.`video_src` = 'youtube' and `videos`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 0
        • 1: youtube
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:340
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:77
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectService.php#82satt_satt_mobile_app240μsselect `id`, `name`, `main_category_id`, `slug` from `subjects` where `id` <> 15000 and `parent_id` = 14971 and `main_category_id` = 3 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 5
        Bindings
        • 0: 15000
        • 1: 14971
        • 2: 3
        Backtrace
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:82
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
      • restrict.blade.php#30satt_satt_mobile_app190μsselect * from `package_plans` where `status` = 'active' and `package_plans`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: active
        Backtrace
        • view::includes.restrict:30
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      App\Models\Subject
      650Subject.php#?
      App\Models\SubjectDescription
      23SubjectDescription.php#?
      App\Models\Question
      11Question.php#?
      App\Models\QuestionOption
      11QuestionOption.php#?
      App\Models\Complete
      4Complete.php#?
      App\Models\User
      3User.php#?
      App\Models\PackagePlan
      3PackagePlan.php#?
      App\Models\SubCategory
      1SubCategory.php#?
          _token
          MicKagxUa4yUrEyKCR8wm9fSRDaSCNJA3VFcKgcq
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://debugerror.xyz/admission/the-adjective-54569" ]
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          path_info
          /admission/the-adjective-54569
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
          request_headers
          0 of 0
          array:20 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "18.118.10.2" ] "x-forwarded-server" => array:1 [ 0 => "debugerror.xyz" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-port" => array:1 [ 0 => "443" ] "x-forwarded-host" => array:1 [ 0 => "debugerror.xyz" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "18.118.10.2" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "debugerror.xyz" ] ]
          request_cookies
          []
          
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